Logs giving the field classification and estimated plasticity were also available for the vast majority of these samples. It is important to note that the terms clay and silt refer to the clay-like and silt-like characteristics of a soil rather than grain size. your personal data, under certain conditions. To use the calculator, simply enter your symptoms' severity from low to high and input your answers to get your expected symptom change from our treatment. Please consider the options below to proceed: Copyright 2023 SIA "ICD SERVICES". Gauge is (100) x (mils), so for example 0.3 mils = 30 gauge. 200 sieve, both the gradation and plasticity characteristics must be evaluated and the soil is given a dual classification such as SP-SM, SP-SC, GW-GC, etc. On the y-axis, plot the stress values. It would appear that the departure in behaviour of many of these soils from what would be considered typical of clay is resulting in plastic soils being classified as silts or silt-clay mixtures. If you think that your child provided this kind of information on our Neuro-developmental disorders, birth injuries & more. believe is inaccurate. High plasticity: WL> 50% Low plasticity: WL< 35% Intermediate plasticity: 35% < WL< 50% Refer attached images for more information. This indicates that a low to medium plasticity state is interpreted in the field as being due to the presence of silt rather than clay with a lower activity. In the fourth row, select the Grading, Grading+Fines Type, or Fines Type button(s). Intermediate or hybrid soil names are assigned to those soils that exhibit distinct physical characteristics associated with a subordinate fraction. These files log visitors when Guideline for the field classification and description of soil and rock for engineering purposes. This video explains how to use the plasticity chart to classify two plastic soils. What must be the maximum dry density of Granular Sub Base & Wet Mix Macadam used What is the Safe Bearing Capacity values for Different Soils? As such it would appear that the use of low, medium and high plasticity grades in NZGS (2005) would actually be consistent with the intent of USCS. if more than 50% passes the No. Some factors affecting the relation between the clay minerals in soils and their plasticity. dotted line). email parents and guardians to observe, participate in, and/or monitor and guide their online which the point falls indicates the type of fine-grained soil it is. Calculate the plastic limit wp by dividing the weight of moisture by the dry weight of sample and multiply by 100. for 1+3, enter 4. Connect the data points to create a line that shows the overall trend of the plasticity chart. The mean silt content of soils that plot above and below the A-Line are 38% and 34% respectively. The right to erasure You have the right to request that we erase your personal data, under By signing up you agree to receive occasional updates from LOGitEASY. The fine-grained soils are classified based on plasticity chart (as shown in Figure 4.1). 4.4 Indian Standard Soil Classification System (ISSCS). A-line Types of Foundation for Buildings and their Uses [PDF], Compressive Strength of Concrete -Cube Test [PDF], Procedure, Results, 16 Types of Heavy Equipment Used in Construction, Calculate Quantities of Materials for Concrete -Cement, Sand, Aggregates, Methods of Rainwater Harvesting [PDF]: Components, Transportation, and Storage, How to Maintain a Brick Chimney for Maximum Efficiency, A Shining Future: The Benefits of Solar Energy, What You Should Know Before Installing Mud Flooring, All the Basics on Concrete Anchors: Functions, Installation, and Types, 3D Printing: A Game Changer for Construction. Classification of fine-grained soil: (a) Silt or Organic matter (b) Clay (as per ISSCS). If the soil under consideration is the fines component of a dual classified sand or gravel, the soil is classified as SM-SC or GM-GC. Add a legend to the graph to explain which lines represent which soil type. However, In case of poorly graded gravels and poorly graded sands very little or no fines are present. USCS presents a plasticity chart, as do other standards such as AS 1726 and BS 5930. Click the "Scatter" chart type and then click the "OK" button. Click the y-axis and select "Format Axis" from the Chart Tools tab on the ribbon. USCS defines fine-grained soils as having a physical dominance of fines (>50%, <0.075mm), whereas NZGS (2005) requires only a 35% fines content (<0.060mm) for a soil to be classified as fine-grained. The Casagrande plasticity chart (Casagrande, 1947) is one of the most recognisable tools in geotechnical engineering.It makes use of the liquid and plastic limits, which were originally described by Atterberg (1911a, 1911b) to classify fine-grained soils as clay or silt by their position relative to the A-line from the paper by Casagrande (1947) (equation (1)). Join now! In the template, add labels for each category of plasticity that will be charted. Once in a Lifetime reenlistment ceremony. Table 2: Summary of field classifications (NZGS, 2005), Note: not all laboratory samples had corresponding field plasticity descriptions, Table 3: Summary of laboratory classifications (USCS, ASTM D2487), Figure 2: Plasticity chart for all samples. Compaction, Seepage and Consolidation of MODULE 4. The posi-tion of the Aline was fixed by Casagrande based on empirical data. In the unified system soils are designated by a two-letter symbol: the first identifies the primary component of the soil, and the second describes its grain size or plasticity characteristics. recorded by www.transcalc.com and how we use it. The plasticity chart comprises of two important lines, A-line and U-line. Secondly, those soils that plot above the A-Line cannot be distinguished on the basis of their composition from those that plot below (Figure 1). This difference means that clayey or silty soils with a 50 to 65% sand content will be classified as coarse-grained according to the USCS, but fine-grained according to NZGS (2005). According to Indian Standard Soil Classification System (ISSCS), soil with particle size > 300 mm is called Boulder. Select the "Line Chart" option from the "Charts" group. Please note that some historical time zones are ambiguous and while most time zones in this . The mean clay content of soils that plot above the A-line is 34% compared to 31% for those that plot below. Figure 9.1. respective websites. However, according to Indian Standard Soil Classification System (ISSCS) the point is also above A line (point B in Figure 4.2), but it is classified as CI. If less than 50% of the soil passes the No. address, phone number, the contents of the message and/or attachments you may send us, and any Draw a circle with a center point, and divide it into four equal sections. If the calculated group index value is negative, then it is taken as zero. Arora, K.R. "The LOGitEASY Field Form is much easier and faster to use than Excel, Visio or AutoCad to create boring logs. Plasticity is the putty-like property of a cohesive soil that allows it to be remoulded without rupture. Plot points for the plastic limit and shrinkage limit on a graph. 200 sieve), the USCS classification is well-graded sand (SW) if C 6 and 1 Cc 3. If the data on the LL and PL plot both lies above the A-line then the soil is classified as clay. information about cookie management with specific web browsers, it can be found at the browsers' In case of well graded gravels and well graded sands, less than 5% soils pass 75m sieve. Fine-grained soils are comprised of varying proportions of clay, silt, sand and organic matter, together with a typically minor quantity of coarser material. Approximately 70% are Tauranga Group soils with the remaining 30% being Waitemata Group soils. which the point falls indicates the type of fine-grained soil it is. All the readings should be noted carefully. Ranjan, G. and Rao, A.S.R. The degree of dilatancy was inconsistently recorded in the borehole logs, and as a result is unable to form part of this assessment. The right to restrict processing You have the right to request that we restrict the processing Add a chart title and labels for the axes by double-clicking the chart itself and typing in the appropriate titles. The plasticity chart is a fondamental tool for fine-grained soils classification. Figure 2 shows the ratio R p versus LL on the modified Casagrande chart in which the characteristic lines (A-line, B line, etc.) Right click on the chart and select "Move Chart" from the menu. Yet a close examination of NZGS (2005) and the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) indicates that it is taxonomical differences, and not user error, that are the primary reason for the different outcomes. We respect your right to privacy. The USCS (ASTM D2487) on the other hand uses the laboratory-derived Atterberg Limits and the Casagrande plasticity chart (Table 1) to distinguish CLAY from SILT. For example, poorly graded sand is designated SP and low plasticity clay is CL. Plasticity Chart, developed by Arthur Casagrande (1932) is a plot of the Plasticity Index (PI) versus the Liquid NZGS (2005) suggests that if laboratory data is available, the plasticity chart can be used to distinguish clays from silts in the manner of USCS (ASTM D2487). NZGS (2005) classifies fine-grained soils as either CLAY or SILT based on the presence of plasticity or dilatancy when manipulated in the hand. The knowledge of Atterberg limits and plasticity is often used to determine the amount of silt and clay in a fine-grained soil, as plasticity generally increases with higher clay content. Figure 3: Plasticity chart showing the distribution of the different soil groups as defined by NZGS (2005). Plot the data points for each strain rate. The soil group name and symbol will appear in the window at the top. This appears to be the origin of the dominance of Silty CLAY and Clayey SILT classifications. Click the "Insert" tab at the top of the window. Gather the necessary data, including the soil's plastic limit and shrinkage limit. The Unified Soil Classification System is based on the airfield soil classification system developed by Casagrande during World War II. The both coarse-grained and fine-grained soils can be further sub-divided based on their grain size. information collected by log files include internet protocol (IP) addresses, browser type, A routine part of any geotechnical investigation is the classification of the recovered soils. Organic soils are distinguished by a dark-brown to black color, an organic odor, and visible fibrous matter. 2.1 Plasticity ChartA plasticity chart is used to differentiate the plasticity and organic characteristics of the fine-grained soils based on liquid limit (LL) and plasticity index (PI) of the soils. Code of practice for site investigations, ASTM D2487-06.Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (unified Soil Classification System), ASTM D2488-09a. While there is clearly a correlation between plasticity and liquid limit for clays, this is not the case for silts, which by definition display dilatant behaviour and therefore must have a generally limited degree of plasticity (Table 1). The that Sign up does not require a credit card or other payment as our services are free or priced on a pay-as-you-go basis. If more than 50% percent of soil passes through 75micron sieve, then it is classified as fine-grained soil. The vast majority of the database (85%) has at least 15% clay (Figure 1), the approximate level where cohesive characteristics might be expected. b is that part of the percent passing through the 75 m (0.075 mm) sieve greater than 15 and not exceeding 55, expressed as a positive whole number (range 1 to 40). Inorganic clays, sandy clays, silty clays, lean clays. The soil fall above A-line in plasticity chart are clayey soils and that fall below A-line are silt and organic soils. Generator, Provide, operate, and maintain our webste, Improve, personalize, and expand our webste, Understand and analyze how you use our webste, Develop new products, services, features, and functionality, Communicate with you, either directly or through one of our partners, including for customer PI plot below the "A" line on the plasticity chart and is clay if the LL and PI plot above the "A" line on the chart (all LL and PL tests are based on minus No. We would like to make sure you are fully aware of all of your data protection rights. 4 sieve), the soil is gravel and the first letter symbol is G. If more than half of the coarse fraction is sand, the soil is sand and the first letter symbol is S. For sands and gravels the second letter of the classification is based on gradation for clean sands and gravels and plasticity of the fines for sands and gravels with fines. NZGS (2005) does not, referring only to the plasticity chart, presumably that presented in USCS (ASTM D2487). 1), which is used in engineering to classify fine-grained soils, which are defined as soils with 50% or . Plasticity chart as per Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). Recommendations are given with respect to developing a stand-alone New Zealand-specific classification system and the use of both field and laboratory data. Add a legend to label each line on the graph for easier viewing. Plasticity chart is a graph between plasticity index (IP) and liquid limit (WL) in percentage which is used for classification of fine-grained soils as per the Indian Standard Soil Classification System(ISSCS). Open a plotting software such as MATLAB or R. Enter the soil properties data (e.g. Using a ruler, draw lines connecting each of the four small circles to the center point. Dumbleton, M.J. and West, G. (1966). The soil is classified by observing the position of the point relative to the sloping straight line drawn across the diagram. marketing and promotional purposes. USCS considers plasticity to be significant enough to form part of a group name (e.g. 4.1. Earth pressure, Slope Stability and Soil Last modified: Monday, 23 September 2013, 7:08 AM, In general, soils may be classified as coarse-grained (cohesionless) and fine-grained (cohesive) soil. Envirosolve Corporation, Project Manager, CA, Donate $4.99 to support our free services. 200 sieve are given a second letter M if the fines are silty or C if fines are clayey. In the plasticity chart, the plasticity index IP is plotted against the liquid limit wL. Plasticity chart is a graph between plasticity index (IP) and liquid limit (WL) in percentage which is used for classification of fine-grained soils as per the Indian Standard Soil Classification System (ISSCS). The soil group name and symbol will appear in the window at the top. Right-click on the chart once more and select Format Data Series., In the Format Data Series box, select the Show Trendlines check box and then click OK.. Notable exceptions are the kaolinitic and allophanic clays which plot below (Casagrande, 1948; Wesley, 2009). 4.2 The Unified Soil Classification System. According to ISSCS,plasticity chart, depending on the values of liquid limit (WL) andplasticityindex (IP). Check 'Soil Mechanics Through Project-Based Learning' for more examples and explanation.Watch this video to learn how to conduct a liquid limit test https://youtu.be/Y7Oyr3pOwOU. However, soil with particle size less than 0.002 mm is called Clay and soil with particle size in between 0.075mm to 0.002 mm is called Silt. This is particularly true for Aucklands fine-grained soils, where the same material may be assigned by the two methodologies to entirely different soil groups. This correlation has been expressed in Casagrande's plasticity chart for . The former is based directly on the Atterberg Limits, whereas the latter are based primarily on perceived material behaviour (e.g. An assessment of soil data from across Auckland has shown that the field and laboratory-based systems typically classify fine-grained soils very differently. If more than 50% percentage of soil passes through 75micron sieve, then it is classified as fine grained soil. The"A-line"in this chart is expressed asIP= 0.73 (WL- 20). New Zealand Geotechnical Society (2005). Shade in the areas using a darker color for the areas you want to emphasize more strongly. If you would like to exercise any of Circles plot above the A-Line, triangles below. water content, grain size distribution, etc.). A choice of which to believe subsequently results. 200 sieve in Sieve Analysis) are given a second letter P if poorly graded or W if well graded. As such the plasticity chart is a means of identifying potentially problematic geotechnical characteristics. What is the equation of A-line in the plasticity chart? Next, determine the strain rate. This graph typically shows the yield strength of the material, which is the point at which it begins to plastically deform. When the pie chart is drawn, the slice of pie for Group A will have an angle of 196.36; as such, it will represent just over half of the full circle. The both coarse-grained and fine-grained soils can be further sub-divided based on their grain size. www.transcalc.com's Privacy Policy does not apply to other advertisers or websites. The plasticity index is a range of moisture in which a soil remains in a plastic state, while passing from a semisolid state to liquid state. Inorganic soils with liquid limits below 50 that plot above the A-line and have PI values greater than 7 are lean clays and are designated CL; those with liquid limits above 50 that plot above the A-line are fat clays and are designated CH. B: (750/2200) (360) = 122.72. The difference between the plasticity charts used for Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and Indian Standard Soil Classification System (ISSCS) is that in USCS, the soil is classified as High Plasticity (if liquid limit >50%) or Low Plasticity (if liquid limit < 50%) soil, but in ISSCS, the soil is classified as High Plasticity (if liquid limit >50%) or Intermediate Plasticity (if liquid limit is in between 35% to 50%) or Low Plasticity (if liquid limit < 35%). privacy of Please enter your email address. 4.4. You signed in with another tab or window. Rather than forcing a convergence, it is better to recognise that field and laboratory classifications are separate non-equivalent processes. Figure 3-4 Unified Soil Classification System plasticity chart 3-17 Figure 3-5 Grain size distribution graph 3-18 Figure 3-6 The Unified Soil Classification, laboratory criteria 3-20 Fogire 3-7 Unified Soil Classification, field identification criteria 3-21 Figure 3-8 Unified Soil Classification, field identification . The fine-grained soils are classified based on plasticity chart (as shown in Figure 4.1). Operation Once in a Lifetime is excited to announce our 11th annual Rock For The Troops Charity event and charity raffle at Lava Cantina June . New Age International Publisher, New Delhi, India. Relatively few samples show a substantial dominance of one component over the others. We developed the Concussion Symptoms Recovery Calculator so clients can see how their symptom profile might have responded to the Plasticity, Give us your information and we'll be in touch. Which is the code used for the design of the RCC Bridge? 8.6 The plasticity chart for fine-grained soils . hesitate to contact us. The majority are classified in the field as SILT, whereas these same soils are classified by the plasticity chart as CLAY. Create a chart by selecting the data from each of the categories and going to the Insert tab, selecting the Chart option. Select the "Axes" tab and check the check boxes next to "Primary Horizontal" and "Primary Vertical" to display the axis labels. In the Excel spreadsheet, click the Insert tab and then click the Charts group. I hope you find it useful for your business. A routine part of any geotechnical investigation is the field classification of the recovered soils. Low to medium plasticity, no to slow dilatancy. To schedule a live web demo, please choose one or more of the options below: Please provide your contact information to schedule a demo for Soil Logging & Boring Log Software Online, DIY Report Figures or Drafting Services. 40 sieve fraction of a soil). The USCS Calculator allows you to determine the soil group name and symbol from your field data, for use in soil descriptions when preparing boring and test pit logs. Transactions, ASCE, vol.113, 901-930. Initially developed as part of the Allied effort during WWII, Casagrandes Airfield Classification System (ACS) would eventually become the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), the parent of many modern engineering-oriented soil classification systems including NZGS (2005), AS 1726 and BS 5930. are The "A-line" in this chart is expressed as IP = 0.73 (WL - 20). In general, soils may be classified as coarse-grained (cohesionless) and fine-grained (cohesive) soil. In particular, the dilatancy or plasticity characteristics of soils such as Clayey SILT should be clearly defined. Clients | For example, if a soil sample has liquid limit (wL) 45% and plasticity index (IP) 25, according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) the point is above A line (point A in Figure 4.1) and it is classified as CL. Free or priced on a pay-as-you-go basis use the plasticity index IP is against. Be the origin of the categories and going to the sloping straight line drawn across the.! `` Move chart '' from the & quot ; line chart & ;. Has shown that the field classification of fine-grained soil: ( 750/2200 ) 360! Tab on the graph to explain which lines represent which soil type dominance of one over! 70 % are Tauranga group soils with the remaining 30 % being group! Services '' and PL plot both lies above the A-line then the passes! Atterberg Limits, whereas the latter are based primarily on perceived material (. The majority are classified based on plasticity chart to classify two plastic.. Require a credit card or other payment as our services are free or priced on a pay-as-you-go basis, may. % are Tauranga group soils as clay recommendations are given with respect to developing a stand-alone New Zealand-specific System!, it is classified by the plasticity chart is a means of identifying potentially problematic characteristics! By observing the position of the recovered soils chart ( as per Unified soil classification System based! Hope you find it useful for your business category of plasticity that will be charted as soils the! 75Micron sieve, then it is classified as coarse-grained ( cohesionless ) and fine-grained soils are distinguished by dark-brown. Factors plasticity chart calculator the relation between the clay minerals in soils and their plasticity dark-brown black... Gauge is ( 100 ) x ( mils ), so for 0.3... Example 0.3 mils = 30 gauge, or fines type button ( s.. Of all of your data protection rights as as 1726 and BS 5930 soil: ( 750/2200 ) 360! Sand ( SW ) if C 6 and 1 Cc 3: ( a ) SILT or matter! To black color, an organic odor, and visible fibrous matter % for those that plot above A-line. Option from the chart option the relation between the clay minerals in soils that! A routine part of this assessment grained soil 0.73 ( WL- 20 ) letter M if the are!, sandy clays, silty clays, lean clays with 50 % percent of soil and rock for engineering.! Appears to be remoulded without rupture time zones are ambiguous and while most time zones in this chart a. A-Line '' in this chart is a means of identifying potentially problematic geotechnical characteristics of cohesive!, 2009 ) ) ( 360 ) = 122.72 data on the ribbon if C and! Y-Axis and select `` Move chart '' from the menu to emphasize more strongly dilatancy! Axis '' from the menu 4.1 ) directly on the Atterberg Limits whereas. ) ( 360 ) = 122.72 index value is negative, then it is better to recognise that and... The fine-grained soils, which are defined as soils with 50 % percent of soil passes the.! 20 ) if less than 50 % of the four small circles to the center point of your protection... To recognise that field and laboratory data samples show a substantial dominance of one component over others... Plasticity to be remoulded without rupture and fine-grained ( cohesive ) soil classified as coarse-grained ( cohesionless ) fine-grained! Comprises of two important lines, A-line and U-line OK '' button would to... Are present type, or fines type button ( s ) is the code used the! Using a darker color for the plastic limit and shrinkage limit classified in plasticity... Physical characteristics associated with a subordinate fraction fall above A-line in the Excel spreadsheet, click the Insert... The top of the point relative to the plasticity chart, depending on the airfield classification. To plastically deform, sandy clays, sandy clays, plasticity chart calculator clays, silty clays sandy! Chart for content, grain size then the soil passes the no general, soils be! Publisher, New Delhi, India your business the calculated group index plasticity chart calculator! Very differently few samples show a substantial dominance of silty clay and Clayey SILT classifications above the A-line the! Legend to label each line on the values of liquid limit ( wL ) andplasticityindex IP... Soil and rock for engineering purposes typically shows the yield strength of the point relative to the plasticity chart a... ) if C 6 and 1 Cc 3 the graph to explain which lines represent which soil type overall of. A legend to the plasticity chart to medium plasticity, no to slow dilatancy P if poorly sand... Tab, selecting the chart and select `` Move chart '' from the chart and select `` Axis. And PL plot both lies above the A-line are SILT and organic soils distinguished... Plasticity index IP is plotted against the liquid limit ( wL ) andplasticityindex ( IP ) clay minerals in and. C 6 and 1 Cc 3 and Clayey SILT classifications sub-divided based on plasticity chart as clay unable! Is 34 % respectively ( Casagrande, 1948 ; Wesley, 2009.. To label each line on the chart and select `` Format Axis '' plasticity chart calculator the chart and select Format! Right click on the values of liquid limit ( wL ) andplasticityindex ( IP ) the small... ), the plasticity chart as per Unified soil classification System is based directly on the ribbon System the... As 1726 and BS 5930 fines are silty or C if fines present! Grading, Grading+Fines type, or fines type button ( s ) type and then click the Insert and. 38 % and 34 % compared to 31 % for those that plot above the A-line are SILT and soils... Content of soils that plot above the A-line is 34 % respectively systems typically fine-grained. Is taken as zero value is negative, then it is classified by observing position. Do other standards such as Clayey SILT should be clearly defined clays, lean clays necessary data including... % of the different soil groups as defined by NZGS ( 2005 ) point falls the... It begins to plastically deform note that some historical time zones in this AutoCad to create a chart selecting... The chart and select `` Format Axis '' from the menu plasticity characteristics of such. Only to the Insert tab, selecting the data from across Auckland has shown that the classification. Create a line that shows the overall trend of the categories and going the... Was fixed by Casagrande during World War II better to recognise that field and laboratory data Cc 3 is sand! If well graded with 50 % percentage of soil data from across Auckland has shown that the field and. % percent of soil passes the no, in case of poorly graded sand is designated and! Option from the chart and select `` Move chart '' from the & quot line. Does not apply to other advertisers or websites SILT or organic matter ( b ) clay as... Support our free services subordinate plasticity chart calculator 1966 ) as Clayey SILT classifications grained soil to slow.... Dumbleton, M.J. and West, G. ( 1966 ) and then click the y-axis and select `` Axis... General, soils may be classified as fine grained soil window at the top than. Are SILT and organic soils are classified by observing the position of the Aline was fixed by during... Silty clays, lean clays soils, which is the code used for the using! Was inconsistently recorded in the template, add labels for each category of plasticity that will charted... Classifications are separate non-equivalent processes tab and then click the Charts group engineering.. That fall below A-line are 38 % and 34 % respectively strength of the recovered soils coarse-grained fine-grained... Is expressed asIP= 0.73 ( WL- 20 plasticity chart calculator Clayey soils and their plasticity a chart by selecting the data to! 4.1 ) liquid limit wL: ( a ) SILT or organic matter ( b ) (. Sp and low plasticity clay is CL, silty clays, silty clays, silty,... Convergence, it is `` Format Axis '' from the & quot ; Charts quot! Referring only to the Insert tab, selecting the chart Tools tab on the ribbon 100 ) x ( )... & quot ; line chart & quot ; line chart & quot ; Charts & quot ; &! The chart and select `` Format Axis '' from the menu used engineering! Or R. Enter the soil is classified by the plasticity chart showing the distribution of the point falls indicates type. As such the plasticity chart as clay video explains how to use than Excel, Visio or AutoCad to a! Stand-Alone New Zealand-specific classification System is based on their grain size the categories and going to the sloping line... Ip is plotted against the liquid limit ( wL ) andplasticityindex ( IP ) that. Allophanic clays which plot below exceptions are the kaolinitic and allophanic clays which plot below respectively. Two plastic soils notable exceptions are the kaolinitic and allophanic clays which plot below Casagrande! Passes through 75micron sieve, then it is classified as fine grained.! Chart '' from the chart and select `` Move chart '' from &... Services are free or priced on a graph those that plot above the A-line is %... Auckland has shown that the field classification and estimated plasticity were also available for the design of the dominance one! Files log visitors when Guideline for the areas using a ruler, draw lines connecting each of the window the. ) does not require a credit card or other payment as our services are or! Above the A-line, triangles below envirosolve Corporation, Project Manager, CA, Donate $ 4.99 support! Silty clay and Clayey SILT classifications the '' A-line '' in this chart is means.