The Macleans lived well, housed in a smart building overlooking the river, in a splendid six-room flat which they gradually filled with bric--brac and furniture shipped from home. Most intelligence historians believe that Philby was almost single-handedly responsible for the deaths of dozens even hundreds of Western intelligence officers and agents who perished during the Cold War while on missions in the USSR and Eastern Europe. (. In December 1937, during the Battle of Teruel, a Republican shell hit just in front of the car in which Philby was travelling with the correspondents Edward J. Neil of the Associated Press, Bradish Johnson of Newsweek, and Ernest Sheepshanks[21] of Reuters. He had the policy of never confessinga document in his own handwriting was dismissed as a forgery. Jubilee Statistical Yearbook]", "The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. Want to Read. Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. (LogOut/ A few days after her return to Switzerland, she told her mother she had run into an old friend in the local market and hed invited her and the children to stay with him for the weekend in his villa at the other end of Lake Geneva. Like his father, he enjoyed the company of women, and drank and smoked heavily. [88], While working as a correspondent in Spain, Philby began an affair with Frances Doble, Lady Lindsay-Hogg, an actress and aristocratic divorce who was an admirer of Franco and Hitler. But it was resumed a few months later, when he received a letter from his father in Moscow. Beginning his career as a member of the Indian Civil Service, he later moved to the Middle East, where he became well-known as an Arabist, adviser, explorer and writer. Date of birth/Age: Jan 16, 2000 (23) Citizenship . [67] When Nicholas Elliott met Philby in late 1962, the first time since Golitsyn's defection, he found Philby too drunk to stand and with a bandaged head; he had fallen repeatedly and cracked his skull on a bathroom radiator, requiring stitches. She sensed that the Macleans marriage was a difficult one again, with Donald on occasion still getting hopelessly drunk. Alasdair Soussi. "[20], In 1938, Walter Krivitsky (born Samuel Ginsberg), a former GRU officer in Paris who had defected to France the previous year, travelled to the United States and published an account of his time in "Stalin's secret service". regarding his possible Soviet affiliations continued. But for intelligence history aficionados it marked the 50th anniversary of the escape to Moscow of notorious double spy Harold Adrian Russell Philby. When the Germans threatened to overrun Paris in 1940, where she was then living at this time, Philby arranged for Friedmann's escape to Britain. He did a lot with us., Philby was sent to Beirut in 1956 to work for The Observer, leaving his children in London, after being. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008. Harry St John Bridger Philby Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) (3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and colonial office intelligence officer. It is possible that it was a Viennese-born friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart herself, at this time, a Soviet agent who first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence. Dora Patricia Cardew Philby. [43][pageneeded] Clearly there had been leaks and Philby was later suspected as one of the leakers. harry george philby - dudley thomas philby Posted on by John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, The spy who loved me: Charlotte Philby returns to Moscow Harry George Philby When Britain declared war on Germany in September 1939, Philby's contact with his Soviet controllers was lost and Philby failed to attend the meetings that were necessary for his work. She liked it that he was a man with strong beliefs, and agreed to stand by him. The situation in Washington was tense. Contained in the traffic (intercepted and decrypted as part of the Venona project) was information that documents had been sent to Moscow from the British Embassy in Washington. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ORB, OL ODN (1 January 1912 11 May 1988)[1] was a British intelligence officer and a double agent for the Soviet Union. [72][pageneeded], It was not until 1 July 1963 that Philby's flight to Moscow was officially confirmed. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. [52][53], Burgess had intended to aid Maclean in his escape, not accompany him in it. For most of us, January 23, 2013, was a day like any other. It was a mystery. PHILBY GB165-0229 Middle East Centre, St Antony's College, Oxford. But Maclean sobered up and went cold turkey in a detoxification clinic. It is also true, she said, that he tried to kill himself at one point. Pierre-Charles Path est un journaliste franais n le 9 juillet 1910 Boulogne-sur-Mer et mort le 14 novembre 1997 1 Villejuif. [85], Philby found work in the early 1970s in the KGB's Active Measures Department churning out fabricated documents. 1951Tips off fellow Cambridge Spy Donald Maclean that a warrant has been issued for his arrest. That he could carry on a secret life without her being aware, while at the same time working his way up the ranks of the British Foreign Office, seemed perfectly possible. 00:50 GMT 17 Apr 2018 And here he was struck by disappointment, brought to tears. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. He needed a secret sharer in his life as well as someone to admire him. He was paid 500 roubles a month (the average Soviet salary in 1960 was Rbls80.60 a month and Rbls122 in 1970)[76][77] and his family was not immediately able to join him in exile. [10], Philby acted as a courier between Vienna and Prague, paying for the train tickets out of his remaining 75 and using his British passport to evade suspicion. Philby's less attractive personal qualities were matched by a charm to which many of his MI6 colleagues succumbed. The gang of British spies who ended up in Moscow in the 1950s and 1960s were employed in KGB training schools and international research institutes. In July 1951, he resigned from MI6, preempting his all-but-inevitable dismissal.[55]. A similar lapse occurred with a report from the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Moscow sent to Tokyo. Please try again later. [62], In Lebanon, Philby at first lived in Mahalla Jamil, his father's large household located in the village of Ajaltoun, just outside Beirut. He became a member of the Anglo-German Fellowship, an organization aiming at rebuilding and supporting a friendly relationship between Germany and the United Kingdom. [58] Golitsyn proceeded to confirm White's suspicions about Philby's role. Philby was posted to the United States the following year, and Burgess, who was second secretary at the British Embassy, lodged with the Philbys at their ramshackle house in Washington. In a 1981 lecture to the East German security service (the Stasi), Philby attributed the failure of the British Secret Service to unmask him as due in great part to the British class systemit was inconceivable that one "born into the ruling class of the British Empire" would be a traitorto the amateurish and incompetent nature of the organisation, and to so many in MI6 having so much to lose if he was proven to be a spy. Colonel David Smiley, an aristocratic Guards officer who had helped Enver Hoxha and his Communist guerillas to liberate Albania, now prepared to remove Hoxha. Kim leapt up and shouted, 'Whoever is rude to my wife is rude to me!' To order a copy for 15, visit mailshop.co.uk/ books or call 0844 571 0640. "His alcoholism was suicide," she told the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper. The difference between the two concepts is important, as the information position of the two categories is rather different. Maclean seemed totally at one with Soviet ways and believed to his death that the USSR and its new society has a much better prospect than the old of overcoming the major ills and injustices of our civilisation. While working in Section Five, Philby had become acquainted with James Jesus Angleton, a young American counter-intelligence officer working in liaison with SIS in London. Volkov had insisted that all written communications about him take place by bag rather than by telegraph, causing a delay in reaction that might plausibly have given the Soviets time to uncover his plans. In 1936 he began working at a failing trade magazine, the Anglo-Russian Trade Gazette, as editor. I was serving the interests of the Soviet Union and those interests required that these men were defeated. by. "[15], Philby recommended to Deutsch several of his Cambridge contemporaries, including Donald Maclean, who at the time was working in the Foreign Office,[16] as well as Guy Burgess, despite his personal reservations about Burgess's erratic personality. [11][pageneeded], In July 1939, Philby returned to The Times office in London. A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. [11][pageneeded]. Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Kim Philby in Russia in 1968, five years after defecting. The organization was one of several fronts operated by German communist Willi Mnzenberg, a member of the Reichstag who had fled to France in 1933. He drank to excess, hit her, and often disappeared. Following Eleanor's divorce, the couple married[58] in January 1959. Philby had other less damaging routines: a cup of Russian tea at 7am and English tea with milk at 5pm, drunk from a fine porcelain cup. One historian said his work for the Soviets was ''beyond price''. But, after a silence of nearly five years, here was the first actual sighting and confirmation that the runaways were alive. It has since been suggested that the whole confrontation with Elliott had been a charade to convince the KGB that Philby had to be brought back to Moscow, where he could serve as a British penetration agent of Moscow Centre. She hoped Donald would now find a way of getting in touch with her. An Indian Civil Service officer turned Arabist and explorer, he spent 20 years travelling across the desert on camelback charting Saudi's unexplored Empty Quarter, crossing paths with Lawrence of. [84] Despite reports to the contrary, Philby's wife claimed in a 1997 interview that the idea of Philby becoming depressed and destitute in Moscow was "a myth". She put the two boys into the International School in Geneva and finally explained to them what had happened to their father, reporting to her sister that their worst fear seems to be that I might vanish too. Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: "Before then," he later wrote, "there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades. They met each other socially but soon fell out. Birthdate: circa 1922. 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